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For Against are a United States post-punk/dream pop band from Lincoln, Nebraska. Despite numerous lineup shuffles and some periods of dormancy, the band has produced material steadily from its 1984 inception to the present. ==History== Something of an anomaly in Midwestern America, For Against—especially early in its career—has looked to a distinctly British aesthetic for inspiration, most obviously the post-punk scene exemplified by the early rosters of the Factory and 4AD record labels. Featuring members of underground Lincoln bands Cartoon Pupils and Hymn to Joy, the band first called itself Glue, and then D.B.L., finally settling on Four Against One,〔(Official Site )〕 a name that reflected its status as a quintet at the time. Bassist Liz Panarelli's early departure gave way to keyboardist Jeffrey Runnings' shift to bass, as well as the band's truncation of its name to For Against. By 1985, singer Jon Fynbu had departed as well, leaving the core trio of guitarist Harry Dingman III, drummer Gregory Hill, and bassist Jeffrey Runnings. The latter would become (with very few exceptions) the band's sole vocalist and lyricist.〔(Official Site )〕 In 1985, For Against debuted on vinyl with the "Autocrat"/"It's a Lie" single, released in a limited run on the band's own Republic Issue label. This single has become highly collectible among the group's fanbase. Additional early material was later released as the ''In the Marshes'' 10" EP (recorded 1985, released 1990) and ''Black Soap'' EP (recorded 1984, released 2011). In 1987, the band signed to Independent Project Records (IPR), issuing its first full-length album, ''Echelons''. That year the band undertook its only full tour to date, promoting ''Echelons'' at clubs across the U.S., including CBGB, Maxwell's, and Chicago's Cabaret Metro. ''Echelons'' received a Grammy nomination for its jacket design by IPR head Bruce Licher; each LP in the initial pressing of 1000 came with an actual shaft of wheat integrated into the cover illustration. Promotional videos were made for two of the album's songs, "Autocrat" and the title track; both were included as bonus material in the reissue of their second album, ''December''.〔http://www.words-on-music.com/WM16.html〕 Having received favorable press for the melodic post-punk of ''Echelons'', For Against released follow-up ''December'' the next year, to equally rave reception. The band lost considerable momentum, however, when Hill took his leave, followed shortly thereafter by Dingman after a brief attempt at a retooled, four-piece lineup. Hill and Dingman would soon form The Millions, a melodic alt-rock outfit with more mainstream leanings than For Against. Runnings, who had by this time switched from bass to guitar, continued on with bassist Jeff Gaskins and drummer Steve Schultz, playing under the name Stahlversion for a time before returning to the For Against handle. The band next added second guitarist Stephen "Mave" Hinrichs to the lineup; Hinrichs' band The Gladstones (formerly Playground), a steady name on the Lincoln scene, had just broken up. By the end of 1990, Schultz had been replaced with former Holiday drummer Paul Engelhard. This lineup of For Against released two singles in 1991 and 1993; all five songs from those singles found their way onto the band's 1993 album ''Aperture''. This album also featured six unheard tracks from 1990-91 recording sessions, characterized by a more relaxed, repetitive songwriting style than on earlier For Against records, making full use of the layering capabilities of the new two-guitar lineup. By the time of ''Apertures release (delayed due to IPR's distribution woes), Gaskins had left the group; the album credits thank him for his bass playing but do not list him as a band member. Runnings returned to bass, and For Against has remained a trio ever since. For Against recorded two more albums, ''Mason's California Lunchroom'' (1995) and ''Shelf Life'' (1997), before reemerging on a new label in 2002 with the album ''Coalesced''. Hinrichs soon left the band and moved to Virginia, leaving the group's existence in doubt. In 2004, original guitarist Dingman rejoined Runnings and Engelhard. In 2006, Words on Music reissued ''Echelons'' and ''December'' on CD, followed by ''In the Marshes'' in 2007. In March 2007, the band traveled to Europe for the first time, and played two shows in Athens, Greece. In August 2007, Engelhard was replaced by Nick Buller, who became the new permanent drummer. They traveled to Europe again, playing Spain in 2007 and touring Italy in March 2008. Two new albums were issued by Words on Music, ''Shade Side Sunny Side'' in 2008 (which Engelhard played on) and ''Never Been'' in 2009 (with Buller on drums). In 2013, Captured Tracks released a For Against box set containing ''Echelons'', ''December'' and ''In the Marshes''.〔http://pitchfork.com/news/47006-captured-tracks-to-release-for-against-box-set/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「For Against」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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